EMPOWERMENT TECHNOLOGY
The Electronic Period The last period in ICT history is the electronic period. It started in the 1940s and continues to the present. The highlight of this period is focused on the advent electronic devices. The four main events found in of solid state devices or this period are the late vacuum tubes period, the transistors period, the integrated circuits period, and the computer processors period. Fig. 1.6. The ENIAC, circa 1946 Source: http://www.computermuseum.li/Testpage/ENIAC5.GIF (accessed on 25 November 2015) The latter period of vacuum tube machines is the start of the electronic period. The dawn of the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC), the first electronic and general purpose computer, marked a revolutionary period in computing. ENIAC was a big machine that occupied an area of 167 square meters. Aside from its big size, its processing speed was slower than those of machines used today. was invented in nd was improved a year later. This cipher the code a similar German he Enigma, during nryves.com/ 2010.05.08/03- cessed on 25 In 1947, the transistor was invented. It is an electronic device with properties and functions similar to vacuum tubes, but it is lightweight and faster, The transistor is the foundation of every electronic device today. In fact, you can find a transistor for every electronic device. The first full transistor computer was developed in 1957 and was faster than vacuum computers.
An American electrical engineer named Jack Kilby was credited for introducing the integrated circuit (IC) in 1958. The integrated circuit (IC) is a device that is composed of a group of transistors and circuit elements compressed in a single package. The IC revolutionized the use of computers and electronic devices because circuits are integrated in a chip or a single package, limiting the distances between components, resulting in a faster operating speed. Because of this, a number of smaller devices intended for information processing and communication were developed.
The advent and development of integrated circuits ushered in the period of powerful processors. ICs are used in processing devices, and processors are constructed in IC forms Personal computers then used these processors to deliver user applications. From this time up to today, computers are evolving from basic textual interfaces to graphical user interfuces or GUI.
The fast-paced development and innovation in personal computing paved the way for the birth of different user applications that introduced ease and comfort for users. The first household and office personal computers were bundled with productivity tools tailored for house and office use. Limited entertainment packages like video games were part of the package. The development of various forms of hardware with improved capabilities continues, but engineers and scientists are more interested and focused on developing applications that will ease human productivity, entertainment, and communication. In parallel with these developments, the technology of connectivity among computers began to rise. For decades, scientists and engineers developed methods of connectivity for sharing processed information stored in computers and processing devices. The result of this is the interconnection of computer devices and equipment we enjoy today. This network is commonly known as the Internet or the World Wide Web.
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